What Is The Difference Between PAC LV And PAC HV in The Oil Drilling Industry?

Aug 19, 2025

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PAC (polyanionic cellulose) is commonly used chemicals in oil drilling industry to control fluid loss, stabilize wellbore walls, and improve fluid rheological properties. Two common grades are PAC LV (low viscosity polyanionic cellulose) and PAC HV (high viscosity polyanionic cellulose) . The key distinction primarily in their effects on drilling fluid viscosity and rheological properties.

The following is a comparison table of the core differences between PAC LV and PAC HV :

Characteristic

PAC LV (Low Viscosity )

PAC HV (High Viscosity )

‌Core Features‌

▶ Highly efficient fluid loss reduction (API fluid loss ≤ 1 6 mL)
▶ Improved mud cake quality
▶ Salt and calcium resistance

▶ Significantly increases viscosity and shear strength
▶ Powerfully reduces fluid loss
▶ Suspends cuttings and cleans wellbore

Viscosity performance

Low viscosity (apparent viscosity ≤ 40 mPa·s)
focuses on reducing fluid loss and has a weak effect on slurry thickening

High viscosity , significant thickening (apparent viscosity ≥ 50 mPa·s)
with dual functions of viscosity increase and fluid loss reduction

Salt and calcium resistance

⭐⭐⭐⭐
(Stronger stability in high concentration salt water/calcium contamination)

⭐⭐⭐
(slightly weaker in salt resistance, but still stable at high temperatures)

Applicable drilling fluid system

▶ Brine/saturated brine system
▶ High-density drilling fluid
▶ Scenario requiring low viscosity and high shear

▶ Deep wells, high temperature and high salt wells

▶ Freshwater/low salinity systems
▶ Shallow wells requiring high viscosity
▶ Well sections where cuttings carrying is difficult

▶ Extended reach wells and complex wellbores require high rock carrying capacity and wellbore stability

Applicable temperature range

≤150°C (stable performance at high temperature)

≤140°C (viscosity may decrease at high temperatures)

Molecular structure characteristics

Short chain molecules, high degree of substitution (>0.9 0 )
, rapid dispersion and dissolution

Long chain molecules, high degree of substitution ≥0.90,
need to be stirred and dissolved moderately

Economical​

★★★★☆
(Low dosage + strong anti-pollution → low overall cost)

★★★☆☆
(Usage is relatively high; other treatment agents are required for deep wells)

Recommended dosage range

0.3%–1.0% (low addition amount to achieve high efficiency in fluid loss reduction)

0.5%–1.5% (a higher dosage is required to ensure viscosity-increasing effect)

Summarize

PAC LV: Mainly used as a low viscosity fluid loss additive to control fluid loss without making the system too thick.

PAC HV: It has both fluid loss control and viscosity enhancement effects, and can enhance the rock-carrying and suspension properties of drilling fluids.

Therefore, at the drilling site, engineers will choose according to the well conditions . If only filtration control is needed, use PAC LV;

If both fluid loss control and enhanced drilling fluid viscosity are required, use PAC HV.

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